What is eczema?

Eczema is a skin condition characterised by itching, dryness and inflammation of the skin. The inflammation might manifest itself as bumps, scaling, redness and thickening of the skin. Children with eczema have very sensitive skin which reacts to triggers. These triggers cause chemicals to be released to the surface of the skin, causing the patient to itch. The itching contributes to the inflammation. As a result, eczema is sometimes referred to as 'the itch that rashes'.

Is eczema common in babies?

Eczema is fairly common in babies. It is present in 10-25 per cent of children. Eczema usually appears before five years of age (as many as 75 per cent will have eczema before six months, and 90 per cent by five years of age).

Are they likely to outgrow it?

About 60 per cent of children will have eczema into their teens, and 15 per cent into adulthood. Eczema, however, has periods when it settles and flares.

Are there illnesses associated with eczema?

Eczema is associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis (what is called locally 'sinus'). Patients with either of these two conditions are more likely to have eczema, although the eczema may be noticed first. Eczema is also thought to be hereditary. A child born to parents who have or had eczema is very likely to have eczema.

How can you prevent outbreaks?

Flare-ups of eczema often occur when the skin is allowed to become too dry. Some types of foods, particularly dairy products and acidic foods, such as tomatoes, can trigger flare-ups of eczema. It is important to note, however, that not all babies with eczema need soy formula and flare-ups can be unpredictable.

How is eczema treated in children?

Eczema in children is treated according to its severity. Generally, an emollient is the mainstay of management. Emollients act by softening and smoothing the skin and by increasing its ability to retain water, thus decreasing dryness. Depending on the degree of skin dryness, emollients can be used from twice daily to every hour. Emollients should be used even if there are no flare-ups.

Your physician will decide if other medications are necessary.

What are the best things to do for your baby?

Use mild soaps and detergents, alcohol-free lotions, cool, cotton clothing and bed sheets. Do not use bleach or fabric softener and rinse clothing twice if possible. Avoid hot baths, make-up, perfumes and stressful situations. Apply cool compresses to itchy areas of the skin, keep fingernails short, and drink plenty of water. Use emollients regularly and take medication as prescribed.

Dr Tamra Tomlinson is a paediatrician and president of the Paediatric Association of Jamaica; email: yourhealth@gleanerjm.com.